In 2019, 280 million people worldwide, including 23 million children and adolescents, were living with depression. Depression isn't a one-size-fits-all condition; it comes in various forms, each with its own set of challenges.
Here's a look at some common types of depression:
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): This is what most people think of when they hear "depression." It involves experiencing persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest in activities, and other symptoms that interfere with daily life.
Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD): Also known as dysthymia, PDD is a milder, but long-lasting form of depression. Symptoms are similar to MDD but may be less severe and persist for two years or longer.
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): SAD is a type of depression that occurs at the same time each year, usually during the fall and winter months when there's less sunlight. Symptoms include low energy, oversleeping, overeating, and feeling moody.
Bipolar Disorder: Formerly known as manic depression, bipolar disorder involves alternating periods of depression and mania (extreme highs). During depressive episodes, symptoms are similar to those of MDD.
Postpartum Depression (PPD): PPD occurs in new mothers and can develop anytime during the first year after childbirth. Symptoms include feelings of sadness, worthlessness, and difficulty bonding with the baby.
Psychotic Depression: This type of depression occurs when a person has severe depression along with some form of psychosis, such as hallucinations or delusions.
The good news is that effective psychological treatments exist for depression, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT). These therapies help individuals understand and manage their symptoms, develop coping strategies, and improve their overall quality of life.
In some cases, medication may also be considered, depending on the severity and individual needs. Antidepressant medications can help alleviate symptoms of depression and restore balance to brain chemistry.
If you or someone you know is struggling with depression, it's essential to seek help from a mental health professional. Remember, you're not alone, and there is hope for recovery. With the right support and treatment, it's possible to overcome depression and regain a sense of joy and fulfillment in life.
Source: World Health Organization; Health Mental Foundation; Mind
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